25 Sep 2025, Thu

⏱️ Reading time: 8 min.

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Throughout the history of the Salesian Congregation, the popes have chosen some of its members as cardinals, that is, as his closest collaborators in the government of the Universal Church. Always a reason for joy and sadness: joy because of the appreciation of the service performed by certain Salesians, sadness because the Congregation has to do without one of its most valuable members.


The term “cardinal” comes from Latin and means “hinge”, i.e. a point around which a door usually revolves. Or perhaps it can be better understood if we recall the cardinal virtues, i.e. the virtues around which all other human virtues revolve.
Cardinals are people who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders and are called by the Pope to perform a mission alongside him in the Universal Church, either individually or collegially. They hold the most important positions in the Roman Curia.
Their importance also lies in the fact that they are the ones who have the mission of electing the new pontiff (only the electors, i.e. those who have not reached the age of 80), with the College of Cardinals gathered in Conclave, when the Sede Vacante occurs.
There are three groups of cardinals: Cardinal-bishops, who are the holders of the suburbicarian dioceses (outside the walls of Rome or in the city’s environs) and, by decision after the Second Vatican Council, the Eastern Patriarchs elevated to the cardinalate (who retain the title of their own patriarchal see); Cardinal-presbyters – the most numerous -, and Cardinal-deacons. The latter two orders are respectively assigned titles or deaconships (churches) in Rome. These honorary titles reflect their closeness to the Pope.
There are usually 6 Cardinal-bishops (there are 6 suburbicarian Sees), but today, by virtue of a papal dispensation, 4 more Cardinal-bishops are appointed ad personam (without the cardinal title being elevated to an episcopal title) and 2 more patriarchs, in total 12, of whom 6 are electors.
There are 182 Cardinal-presbyters, of whom 97 are electors.
The Cardinal deacons are 27, of whom 16 are electors.
In total there are 221 cardinals, of whom 119 are electors.

Cardinals are usually chosen from among bishops, archbishops, metropolitans or patriarchs, but there have also been appointments among priests. Pope St John Paul II appointed 9 priests as cardinals, Pope Benedict XVI appointed 5 priests as cardinals and Pope Francis has so far appointed 8 priests as cardinals, 10 if we consider the latest announcement on 9 July.

The first Salesian to be elevated to the dignity of cardinal was Archbishop John Cagliero, on 6 December 1915. After him, 18 other Salesians received the cardinal’s biretta and the 20th, Fr Ángel FERNÁNDEZ ARTIME, will receive it on 30 September next. He is the first Rector Major to receive the cardinal’s red hat.
For many people looking in from the outside, the first thing they see is the dignity it implies; but even if this is real, Pope Francis reminds them that it is not a privilege, but a service, and the red colour means it must be performed until the outpouring of blood. And it is an unspecified service that requires total availability. God asked Abraham to set out without specifying where he would go, to prove his faith; similarly for the new cardinals.

We wish our Rector Major, Fr Ángel many graces from the Lord to guide him in his new mission and assure him of our prayers.

In the hope of making more and more Salesian cardinals known, we present below the list of all these cardinals with the dates and the most important offices they have held or continue to hold to date.

John CAGLIERO 
Born11.01.1838, Castelnuovo d’Asti, Italy
Ordained priest14.06.1862
Consecrated Bishop07.12.1884
Created Cardinal06.12.1915
Coat of arms 
MottoRecto fixus Calli ero
Apostolic Vicar of Northern Patagonia (Argentina)30.09.1884 – 24.03.1904
Titular Bishop of Magyddus30.10.1884 – 24.03.1904
Titular Archbishop of Sebastia24.03.1904 – 06.12.1915
Apostolic Delegate in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras07.08.1908 – 06.12.1915
Cardinal Parish Priest of St. Bernard at the Baths09.12.1915 – 16.12.1920
Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati16.12.1920 – 28.02.1926
He was inspector for 2 years, bishop for 41 years of which 10 Cardinal 
Deceased28.02.1926, Rome, Italy, † 88
  
August HLOND, Venerable 
Born05.07.1881, Brzęczkowice, Poland
Ordained priest23.09.1905
Consecrated Bishop03.01.1926
Created Cardinal20.06.1927
Coat of arms 
MottoDa mihi animas cetera tolle
Apostolic Administrator of Upper Silesia (Poland)07.11.1922 – 28.10.1925
Bishop of Katowice (Poland)28.10.1925 – 24.06.1926
President of the Polish Episcopal Conference1926 – 22.10.1948
Metropolitan Archbishop of Poznań (Poland)24.06.1926 – 03.05.1946
Metropolitan Archbishop of Gniezno (Poland)24.06.1926 – 22.10.1948
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Mary of Peace22.12.1927 – 22.10.1948
Founder of the Society of Christ for Polish Immigrants08.09.1932
Metropolitan Archbishop of Warszawa (Poland)13.06.1946 – 22.10.1948
Cardinal and Religious of the Salesians of St. John Bosco 
Servus Dei. He was Provincial for 3 years, Apostolic Administrator for 3 years, Archbishop of Warszawa for 23 years and Cardinal Primate of Poland for 21 years. Cause for canonisation is underway 
Deceased22.10.1948, Warsaw, Poland, † 67
  
Raúl SILVA HENRÍQUEZ 
Born27.09.1907, Talca, Chile
Ordained priest03.07.1938
Consecrated Bishop29.11.1959
Created Cardinal19.03.1962
Coat of arms 
MottoCaritas christi urget nos
Bishop of Valparaíso (Chile)24.10.1959 – 14.05.1961
Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago (Chile)14.05.1961 – 03.05.1983
President of Caritas Internationalis1962 – 1965
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Bernard at the Baths22.03.1962 – 09.04.1999
President of the Episcopal Conference of Chile1963 – 1968
President of the Episcopal Conference of Chile1972 – 1976
He was Bishop of Valparaiso for 3 years, Archbishop of Santiago de Chile for 11 years and Cardinal for 22 years 
Deceased09.04.1999, Santiago, Chile, † 91
  
Stepán TRÓCHTA 
Born26.03.1905, Francova Lhota, Czech Republic
Ordained priest29.06.1932
Consecrated Bishop16.11.1947
Created Cardinal in pectore28.04.1969
Revealed as cardinal05.03.1973
Coat of arms 
MottoActio sacrificium caritas
Bishop of Litoměřice (Czech Republic)27.09.1947 – 06.04.1974
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. John Bosco in Via Tuscolana12.04.1973 – 06.04.1974
Was Bishop of Litoměřice (Czech Republic) for 26 years and Cardinal for 5 years 
Deceased06.04.1974, Litoměřice, Czech Republic, † 69
  
Ignacio Antonio VELASCO GARCÍA 
Born17.01.1929, Acarigua, Venezuela
Ordained priest17.12.1955
Consecrated Bishop06.01.1990
Created Cardinal21.02.2001
Coat of arms 
MottoServus Christi pro fratribus
Titular Bishop of Utimmira23.10.1989 – 27.05.1995
Apostolic Vicar of Puerto Ayacucho (Venezuela)23.10.1989 – 27.05.1995
Apostolic Administrator of San Fernando de Apure (Venezuela)27.05.1992 – 12.07.1994
Metropolitan Archbishop of Caracas (Venezuela)27.05.1995 – 06.07.2003
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello21.02.2001 [24.05.2001] – 06.07.2003
He was Provincial for 6 years, Regional Councillor for 6 years, Bishop for 13 years, and Cardinal for 2 years 
Deceased06.07.2003, Caracas, Venezuela, † 74
  
Alfons Maria STICKLER 
Born23.08.1910, Neunkirchen, Austria
Ordained priest27.03.1937
Consecrated Bishop01.11.1983
Created Cardinal25.05.1985
Coat of arms 
MottoOmnia et in omnibus Christus
Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical Salesian Athenaeum1958 – 1966
Prefect of the Vatican Apostolic Library1971 – 07.09.1983
Titular Archbishop of Bolsena07.09.1983 – 25.05.1985
Pro-Librarian of the Vatican Apostolic Library07.09.1983 – 27.05.1985
Pro-Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives09.07.1984 – 27.05.1985
Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro25.05.1985 – 29.01.1996
Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives27.05.1985 – 01.07.1988
Librarian of the Vatican Apostolic Library27.05.1985 – 01.07.1988
Cardinal-Parish priest of S. Giorgio in Velabro29.01.1996 – 12.12.2007
He was titular Archbishop of Bolsena for 2 years and Cardinal for 22 years 
Deceased12.12.2007, Vatican City State, † 97
  
Rosalio José CASTILLO LARA 
Born04.09.1922, San Casimiro, Venezuela
Ordained priest04.09.1949
Consecrated Bishop24.05.1973
Created Cardinal25.05.1985
Coat of arms 
MottoMisericordia et veritas
Coadjutor Bishop of Trujillo (Venezuela)26.03.1973 – 05.10.1981
Titular Bishop of Præcausa26.03.1973 – 26.05.1982
Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law12.02.1975 – 22.05.1982
President of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia05.10.1981 – 1990
Pro-President of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law22.05.1982 – 18.01.1984
Titular Archbishop of Præcausa26.05.1982 – 25.05.1985
Pro-President of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law18.01.1984 – 27.05.1985
Cardinal-Deacon of Our Lady of Coromoto in St. John of God25.05.1985 – 29.01.1996
President of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts27.05.1985 – 06.12.1989
President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See06.12.1989 – 24.06.1995
President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State31.10.1990 – 14.10.1997
Cardinal-Presbyter of Our Lady of Coromoto in St. John of God29.01.1996 – 16.10.2007
President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State for 7 years 
Deceased16.10.2007, Caracas, Venezuela, † 85
  
Miguel OBANDO BRAVO 
Born02.02.1926, La Libertad, Nicaragua
Ordained priest10.08.1958
Consecrated Bishop31.03.1968
Created Cardinal25.05.1985
Coat of arms 
MottoOmnibus omnia factus
Titular Bishop of Putia in Byzacena18.01.1968 – 16.02.1970
Auxiliary Bishop of Matagalpa (Nicaragua)18.01.1968 – 16.02.1970
Metropolitan Archbishop of Managua (Nicaragua)16.02.1970 – 01.04.2005
President of the Nicaraguan Episcopal Conference1971 – 1975
President of the Episcopal Secretariat of Central America and Panama1976 – 1981
President of the Nicaraguan Bishops’ Conference1979 – 1983
President of the Nicaraguan Bishops’ Conference1985 – 1989
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. John the Evangelist in Spinaceto25.05.1985 – 03.06.2018
President of the Nicaraguan Bishops’ Conference1993 – 1997
President of the Nicaraguan Episcopal Conference1999 – 2005
He was Auxiliary Bishop of Matagalfa for 2 years, Bishop of Managua for 15 years, Cardinal for 15 years 
Deceased03.06.2018, Managua, Nicaragua, † 92
  
Antonio María JAVIERRE ORTAS 
Born21.02.1921, Siétamo, Spain
Ordained priest24.04.1949
Consecrated Bishop29.06.1976
Created Cardinal28.06.1988
Motto 
MottoEgo vobiscum sum
Rector magnificus of the Pontifical Salesian University1971 – 1974
Secretary of the Congregation for Catholic Education20.05.1976 – 26.05.1988
Titular Archbishop of Meta20.05.1976 – 28.06.1988
Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria Liberatrice at Monte Testaccio28.06.1988 – 09.01.1999
Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives01.07.1988 – 24.01.1992
Librarian of the Vatican Apostolic Library01.07.1988 – 24.01.1992
Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments24.01.1992 – 21.06.1996
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Maria Liberatrice at Monte Testaccio09.01.1999 [24.04.1999] – 01.02.2007
He was titular archbishop of Meta for 12 years and Cardinal for 18 years 
Deceased01.02.2007, Rome, Italy, † 85
  
Óscar Andrés RODRÍGUEZ MARADIAGA 
Born29.12.1942, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Ordained priest28.06.1970
Consecrated Bishop08.12.1978
Created Cardinal21.02.2001
Coat of arms 
MottoMihi vivere Christus est
Titular Bishop of Pudentiana28.10.1978 – 08.01.1993
Auxiliary Bishop of Tegucigalpa (Honduras)28.10.1978 – 08.01.1993
Secretary General of the Episcopal Conference of Honduras1980 – 1988
Apostolic Administrator of Santa Rosa de Copán (Honduras)1981 – 27.01.1984
Secretary General of the Latin American Episcopal Council1987 – 1991
Apostolic Administrator of San Pedro Sula (Honduras)1993 – 11.11.1994
Metropolitan Archbishop of Tegucigalpa (Honduras)08.01.1993 – 26.01.2023
President of the Latin American Bishops’ Council1995 – 1999
President of the Episcopal Conference of Honduras1996 – 13.06.2016
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Mary of Hope21.02.2001 [27.05.2001] – …
President of Caritas Internationalis05.06.2007 [09.06.2007] – 15.05.2015
Coordinator of the Council of Cardinals13.04.2013 – 07.03.2023
Cardinal Emeritus2023
Age80
  
Tarcisio BERTONE 
Born02.12.1934, Romano Canavese, Italy
Ordained priest01.07.1960
Consecrated Bishop01.08.1991
Created Cardinal21.10.2003
Coat of arms 
MottoFidem custodire concordiam servare
Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical Salesian University01.06.1989 – 04.06.1991
Metropolitan Archbishop of Vercelli (Italy)04.06.1991 – 13.06.1995
Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith13.06.1995 – 10.12.2002
Metropolitan Archbishop of Genoa (Italy)10.12.2002 – 29.08.2006
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana21.10.2003 [24.03.2004] – 10.05.2008
Secretary of State of the Secretariat of State15.09.2006 – 15.10.2013
President of the Interdicasterial Commission on Particular Churches15.09.2006 – 15.10.2013
President of the Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe15.09.2006 – 15.10.2013
Cardinal Protector of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy15.09.2006 – 15.10.2013
Member of the Cardinal Commission of Vigilance over the Institute for Works of Religion14.10.2006 – .03.2008
Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church of the Apostolic Chamber04.04.2007 – 20.12.2014
President of the Cardinal Commission of Vigilance over the Institute for the Works of Religion03.2008 – 15.01.2014
Cardinal Bishop of Frascati10.05.2008 [03.10.2009] – …
Cardinal Camerlengo emeritus of H.R.C.2014
Age88
  
Joseph ZEN ZE-KIUN 
Born13.01.1932, Shanghai, Cina
Ordained priest11.02.1961
Consecrated Bishop09.12.1996
Created Cardinal24.03.2006
Coat of arms 
MottoIpsi cura est
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Mary Mother of the Redeemer in Tor Bella Monaca 
Coadjutor Bishop of Hong Kong13.09.1996 – 23.09.2002
Bishop of Hong Kong23.09.2002 – 15.04.2009
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Maria Madre del Redentore at Tor Bella Monaca24.03.2006 [31.05.2006] – …
Cardinal Emeritus of Hong Kong 
Age91
  
Raphael FARINA 
Born24.09.1933, Buonalbergo, Italy
Ordained priest01.07.1958
Consecrated Bishop16.12.2006
Created Cardinal24.11.2007
Coat of arms 
MottoDominus spes nostra
Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical Salesian University1977 – 1983
Secretary of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences1981 – 1989
Undersecretary of the Pontifical Council for Culture1986 – 1991
Rector of the Pontifical Salesian University1991 – 1997
Prefect of the Vatican Apostolic Library25.05.1997 – 25.06.2007
Titular Bishop of Oderzo15.11.2006 – 25.06.2007
Titular Archbishop of Oderzo25.06.2007 – 24.11.2007
Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives25.06.2007 – 09.06.2012
Librarian of the Vatican Apostolic Library25.06.2007 – 09.06.2012
Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giovanni della Pigna24.11.2007 [05.04.2008] – 19.05.2018
President of the Pontifical Commission for the Institute for Works of Religion24.06.2013 – 22.05.2014
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Giovanni della Pigna19.05.2018 – …
Cardinal Emeritus2014
Age89
  
Angelo AMATO 
Born08.06.1938, Molfetta, Italy
Ordained priest22.12.1967
Consecrated Bishop06.01.2003
Created Cardinal20.11.2010
Coat of arms 
MottoSufficit gratia mea
Pro-rector of the Pontifical Salesian University01.10.1991 – 02.12.1991
Prelate-Secretary of the Pontifical Academy of Theology1999 – 19.12.2002
Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith19.12.2002 – 09.07.2008
Titular Archbishop of Sila19.12.2002 – 20.11.2010
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints09.07.2008 – 31.08.2018
Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro20.11.2010 [11.02.2011] – 03.05.2021
Cardinal-Presbyter of S. Maria in Aquiro03.05.2021 – …
Cardinal emeritus2018
Age85
  
Ricardo EZZATI ANDRELLO 
Born07.01.1942, Campiglia dei Berici, Italy
Ordained priest18.03.1970
Consecrated Bishop08.09.1996
Created Cardinal22.02.2014
Coat of arms 
MottoPara evangelizar
Bishop of Valdivia (Chile)28.06.1996 – 10.07.2001
Titular Bishop of La Imperial10.07.2001 – 27.12.2006
Auxiliary Bishop of Santiago (Chile)10.07.2001 – 27.12.2006
Metropolitan Archbishop of Concepción (Chile)27.12.2006 – 15.12.2010
President of the Episcopal Conference of Chile.11.2010 – 11.11.2016
Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago (Chile)15.12.2010 – 23.03.2019
Cardinal-Presbyter of the Most Holy Redeemer in Valmelaina22.02.2014 [11.10.2014] – …
Cardinal Emeritus2019
Age81
  
Charles MAUNG BO 
Born29.10.1948, Mohla, Myanmar
Ordained priest09.04.1976
Consecrated Bishop16.12.1990
Created Cardinal14.02.2015
Coat of arms 
MottoOmnia possum in Eo
Apostolic Administrator of Lashio (Myanmar)1985 – 1986
Apostolic Prefect of Lashio (Myanmar)1986 – 07.07.1990
Bishop of Lashio (Myanmar)07.07.1990 – 13.03.1996
Bishop of Pathein (Myanmar)13.03.1996 – 24.05.2003
President of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Myanmar2000 – 2006
Metropolitan Archbishop of Yangon (Myanmar)24.05.2003 – …
Cardinal-Presbyter of St Irenaeus in Centocelle14.02.2015 [21.10.2015] – …
President of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences16.11.2018 [01.01.2019] – …
President of the Myanmar Episcopal Conference2020 – …
Apostolic Administrator of Myitkyina (Myanmar)18.11.2020 – …
Age74
  
Daniel Fernando STURLA BERHOUET 
Born04.07.1959, Montevideo, Uruguay
Ordained priest21.11.1987
Consecrated Bishop04.03.2012
Created Cardinal14.02.2015
Coat of arms 
MottoServir al Señor con alegría
Titular Bishop of Phelbes10.12.2011 – 11.02.2014
Auxiliary Bishop of Montevideo (Uruguay)10.12.2011 – 11.02.2014
Metropolitan Archbishop of Montevideo (Uruguay)11.02.2014 – …
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Galla14.02.2015 [17.05.2015] – …
Vice-President of the Episcopal Conference of Uruguay16.11.2021 [01.04.2022] – …
Age64
  
Cristóbal LÓPEZ ROMERO 
Born19.05.1952, Vélez-Rubio, Spain
Ordained priest19.05.1979
Consecrated Bishop10.03.2018
Created Cardinal05.10.2019
Coat of arms 
MottoAdveniat Regnum Tuum
Archbishop of Rabat (Morocco)29.12.2017 – …
Apostolic Administrator of Tánger (Morocco)24.05.2019 – 25.02.2022
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Leo I05.10.2019 [16.02.2020] – …
President of the North African Regional Bishops’ Conference15.02.2022 – …
Age71
  
Virgilio DO CARMO DA SILVA 
Born27.11.1967, Venilale, Timor-Este
Ordained priest18.12.1998
Consecrated Bishop19.03.2016
Created Cardinal27.08.2022
Coat of arms 
MottoAd Deum Patrem Omnipotentem
Vice-President of the Episcopal Conference of Timor2016 – …
Bishop of Díli (East Timor)30.01.2016 – 11.09.2019
Metropolitan Archbishop of Díli (East Timor)11.09.2019 – …
Cardinal-Presbyter of St. Albert the Great27.08.2022 [07.05.2023] – …
Age55
  
Ángel FERNÁNDEZ ARTIME 
Born21.08.1960, Gozón-Luanco, Spain
Ordained priest04.07.1987
Created Cardinal30.09.2023
Consecrated Bishop2024 – ?
Coat of arms 
MottoSufficit tibi gratia mea
Age63

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